Mitral valve repair for medically refractory functional mitral regurgitation in patients with end-stage renal disease and advanced heart failure.

BACKGROUND Information regarding patient selection for mitral valve repair for chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with severe heart failure (HF) as well as outcome is limited. METHODS AND RESULTS We classified 208 patients with advanced HF symptoms (Stage C/D) undergoing mitral valve repair for functional mitral regurgitation into 3 groups: estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (control group, n=144); estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2), not dependent on hemodialysis (late chronic kidney disease group, n=45), and ESRD on hemodialysis (ESRD group, n=19; preoperative hemodialysis duration 83 ± 92 months). Follow-up was completed with a mean duration of 49 ± 25 months. Postoperative (1-month) cardiac catheterization showed that left ventricular end-systolic volume index decreased from 109 ± 38 to 79 ± 41, 103 ± 31 to 81 ± 31, and 123 ± 40 to 76 ± 34 mL/m(2), in the control, late chronic kidney disease, and ESRD groups, respectively. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased, whereas cardiac index increased in all groups with no intergroup differences for those postoperative values. Freedom from mortality and HF readmission at 5 years was 18% ± 7% in late chronic kidney disease (P<0.0001 versus control, P=0.01 versus ESRD), and 64% ± 12% in ESRD (P=1 versus control) as compared with 52% ± 5% in the control group (median event-free survival, 26, 67, and 63 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Mitral valve repair for medically refractory functional mitral regurgitation in patients with advanced HF yielded improvements in left ventricular function and hemodynamics irrespective of preoperative renal function status. Patients with ESRD showed favorable late outcome in terms of freedom from mortality and readmission for HF as compared with those with late chronic kidney disease. Further studies are needed to assess the survival benefits of mitral valve repair in patients with ESRD and advanced HF.